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mechanical equilibrium
In classical mechanics, a particle is in mechanical equilibrium if the net force on that particle is zero.〔 By extension, a physical system made up of many parts is in mechanical equilibrium if the net force on each of its individual parts is zero.〔Beer FP, Johnston ER, Mazurek DF, Cornell PJ, and Eisenberg, ER. (2009) ''Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dymanics.'' 9th ed. McGraw-Hill. p 158.〕
In addition to defining mechanical equilibrium in terms of force, there are many alternative definitions for mechanical equilibrium which are all mathematically equivalent. In terms of momentum, a system is in equilibrium if the momentum of its parts is all constant. In terms of velocity, the system is in equilibrium if velocity is constant. In a rotational mechanical equilibrium the angular momentum of the object is conserved and the net torque is zero.〔 More generally in conservative systems, equilibrium is established at a point in configuration space where the gradient with respect to the generalized coordinates of the potential energy is zero.
If a particle in equilibrium has zero velocity, that particle is in static equilibrium. Since all particles in equilibrium have constant velocity, it is always possible to find an inertial reference frame in which the particle is stationary with respect to the frame.
== Stability ==
An important property of systems at mechanical equilibrium is their stability.
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